雖然是老生常談了，不過還是提醒自己一下如何做個好的報告.

出處

http://www.aresearchguide.com/3tips.html

Presentation Tips for Public Speaking

對聽眾演講的小招

Know the needs of your audience and match your contents to their needs. Know your material thoroughly. Put what you have to say in a logical sequence. Ensure your speech will be captivating to your audience as well as worth their time and attention. Practice and rehearse your speech at home or where you can be at ease and comfortable, in front of a mirror, your family, friends or colleagues. Use a tape-recorder and listen to yourself. Videotape your presentation and analyze it. Know what your strong and weak points are. Emphasize your strong points during your presentation.

瞭解聽眾的需求並且讓報告內容滿足他們的需求。完全瞭解你的報告。要講的內容必須照邏輯順序去呈現。報告必須有吸引力並且值得人聽。在家裏或是任何適合的地方預演報告，在鏡子前，家人朋友或是同事前練習(這樣一點都不comfortable...)。報告的時候錄音並且聽自己的錄音，或是錄影起來看。分析自己報告內的優點與弱點。加強報告時的優點。

When you are presenting in front of an audience, you are performing as an actor is on stage. How you are being perceived is very important. Dress appropriately for the occasion. Be solemn if your topic is serious. Present the desired image to your audience. Look pleasant, enthusiastic, confident, proud, but not arrogant. Remain calm. Appear relaxed, even if you feel nervous. Speak slowly, enunciate clearly, and show appropriate emotion and feeling relating to your topic. Establish rapport with your audience. Speak to the person farthest away from you to ensure your voice is loud enough to project to the back of the room. Vary the tone of your voice and dramatize if necessary. If a microphone is available, adjust and adapt your voice accordingly.

在聽眾前報告時就像是在舞台上表演。外表印象是很重要的，所以必須針對場合適當的穿著。嚴肅的場合穿著莊重。穿著符合想要表達形象的服裝（也就是西裝領帶吧）。表現愉快，積極，自信，(對報告的)驕傲，但不是驕傲。保持冷靜。即時緊張也要裝作很放鬆。說話速度放慢，發音清楚並且對主題展現適當的情感(汗)。與聽眾互動，對著最遠的聽眾講話來確定音量夠大。改變音調增加戲劇性....如果必要的話。如果有麥克風，調整自己的音量。

Body language is important. Standing, walking or moving about with appropriate hand gesture or facial expression is preferred to sitting down or standing still with head down and reading from a prepared speech. Use audio-visual aids or props for enhancement if appropriate and necessary. Master the use of presentation software such as PowerPoint well before your presentation. Do not over-dazzle your audience with excessive use of animation, sound clips, or gaudy colors which are inappropriate for your topic. Do not torture your audience by putting a lengthy document in tiny print on an overhead and reading it out to them.

肢體語言很重要。站立，走動或左右移動伴隨著手勢或臉部表情比起坐著或是直直站著手垂下，然後念講稿要好。適當的範圍內使用聲音-影像來加強內容。熟悉使用PowerPoint。不要放太多不符合主題的動畫，聲音或是五顏六色。不要放一大片文章在投影片然後念出來，這樣是在拷問觀眾。

Speak with conviction as if you really believe in what you are saying. Persuade your audience effectively. The material you present orally should have the same ingredients as that which are required for a written research paper, i.e. a logical progression from INTRODUCTION (Thesis statement) to BODY (strong supporting arguments, accurate and up-to-date information) to CONCLUSION (re-state thesis, summary, and logical conclusion).

報告時要表現出你真的相信你說的內容。努力的說服聽眾。報告的材料必須要與紙本的研究報告相當，也就是邏輯性進展，從引言到內容（支持的論證，精確並且最新的資訊），最後下結論（重複論證，總結以及邏輯的結論）。

Do not read from notes for any extended length of time although it is quite acceptable to glance at your notes infrequently. Speak loudly and clearly. Sound confident. Do not mumble. If you made an error, correct it, and continue. No need to make excuses or apologize profusely.

雖然瞄一眼講稿通常是可以接受的，但是要避免一直看著講稿念。講話大聲清楚，帶著自信。不要喃喃自語。犯了錯的時候糾正他並且繼續。不需要一直道歉。

Maintain sincere eye contact with your audience. Use the 3-second method, e.g. look straight into the eyes of a person in the audience for 3 seconds at a time. Have direct eye contact with a number of people in the audience, and every now and then glance at the whole audience while speaking. Use your eye contact to make everyone in your audience feel involved.

與聽眾保持誠懇的視線。三秒法則--一次直視一個聽眾三秒。跟很多聽眾視線接觸，並且眼神偶而掃過全體。使用你的眼神接觸讓聽眾有參與感。

Speak to your audience, listen to their questions, respond to their reactions, adjust and adapt. If what you have prepared is obviously not getting across to your audience, change your strategy mid-stream if you are well prepared to do so. Remember that communication is the key to a successful presentation. If you are short of time, know what can be safely left out. If you have extra time, know what could be effectively added. Always be prepared for the unexpected.

對著聽眾講話，聽他們的問題，對他們的反應做出回應，調整你的演講。如果演講內容沒有人在聽，(如果有準備的話)改變內容. 記得，溝通是成功的演講的關鍵。時間快用完了要知道那些內容可以適當的刪除。如果有多出來的時間，要知道哪些內容可以有效的加入。 防患未然(準備多幾張投影片就對了)

Pause. Allow yourself and your audience a little time to reflect and think. Don't race through your presentation and leave your audience, as well as yourself, feeling out of breath.

暫停很重要。讓自己跟聽眾有時間去思考。不要很快的把報告講完，你自己跟聽眾都需要喘口氣。

Add humor whenever appropriate and possible. Keep audience interested throughout your entire presentation. Remember that an interesting speech makes time fly, but a boring speech is always too long to endure even if the presentation time is the same.

適當的加入一些笑點。讓聽眾在整個報告中保持興趣。即使同樣的時間長度，有趣的演講會讓時間變短，無聊的演講總是讓人度日如年啊啊啊啊啊

When using audio-visual aids to enhance your presentation, be sure all necessary equipment is set up and in good working order prior to the presentation. If possible, have an emergency backup system readily available. Check out the location ahead of time to ensure seating arrangements for audience, whiteboard, blackboard, lighting, location of projection screen, sound system, etc. are suitable for your presentation.

使用聲音-影像來強化報告，報告前確定必須的設備都安裝妥當。可能的話準備緊急時的備用方案。報告前確認聽眾的座位，白板黑板燈光投影機螢幕喇叭等等等適合你的報告。

Have handouts ready and give them out at the appropriate time. Tell audience ahead of time that you will be giving out an outline of your presentation so that they will not waste time taking unnecessary notes during your presentation.

準備紙本在適合的時候發下去。報告之前告訴聽眾你會發大綱，免得大家記了不必要的筆記

Know when to STOP talking. Use a timer or the microwave oven clock to time your presentation when preparing it at home. Just as you don't use unnecessary words in your written paper, you don't bore your audience with repetitious or unnecessary words in your oral presentation. To end your presentation, summarize your main points in the same way as you normally do in the CONCLUSION of a written paper. Remember, however, that there is a difference between spoken words appropriate for the ear and formally written words intended for reading. Terminate your presentation with an interesting remark or an appropriate punch line. Leave your listeners with a positive impression and a sense of completion. Do not belabor your closing remarks. Thank your audience and sit down.

知道何時要停止講話。在家裡練習時用碼表或是微波爐上的時鐘（順便還可以熱飯吃呢）來計時。就像你不會寫上贅字在文章裡，聽眾也會因為報告中重複或是不必要的字感到無聊。演講應該結束於 總結演講的重點，就像寫紙本上的報告一樣。然而，記得演講與寫作所用的字與句子會不一樣。把報告結束在一個有趣的結論或是適當的重點。讓你的聽眾留下好的印象以及完整的感覺。總結時不要講太多。謝謝你的聽眾並且坐下。

通常講完之後是問問題時間，回答問題就是一門大學問了。個人是覺得聽懂問題就是一個困難點了。基本上大家聽完一整天的報告腦袋都昏昏的，有問題的問出來都不一定是他真正要問的。我的觀察是大家都聽的懂在問甚麼然後也可以做出精確的回答，但是我做不到.....尤其是自己做的研究，盲點就是本來看不到的，被人家一問就更盲了.....